<\/p>\n
Pages:<\/strong> 200-209 \u00a0|\u00a0 DOI:<\/strong> 10.37724\/RSU.2026.91.2.019 \u00a0|\u00a0 UDK:<\/strong> 551.4(470.41)<\/p>\n Kharitonov A.Yu.<\/strong> Doronina K.A.<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n The territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is characterized by pronounced physical-geographical heterogeneity (Zakamye, Predkamye, Predvolzhye) and a complex ethnocultural structure of its population. Despite the long history of settlement studies, comprehensive quantitative research linking morphometric parameters of relief with ethnocultural and socio-economic characteristics of the first settlers using modern GIS technologies and statistical hypothesis testing has been lacking to date. The relevance of this work lies in identifying objective patterns in the \u201chuman\u2013landscape\u201d system. The aim of the study is to determine the regularities of historical settlement nuclei placement in relation to slope steepness and aspect, ethnocultural affiliation, the time of foundation, and social status of the early settlers. The study objects are the historical centers of 1,756 settlements. The methodology is based on geoinformation analysis of SRTM digital elevation models, the use of the author\u2019s \u201cgravity coefficient\u201d, and Pearson\u2019s \u03c7\u00b2 criterion (p < 0,05). Differences in settlement distribution by slope steepness among the three physical-geographical regions are confirmed (p < 0,001). Zakamye is characterized by a predominance of sub-horizontal surfaces (83,1% of the total), Predkamye shows an increased share of moderate (42,7%) and sloping, while in Predvolzhye the determining factor is the availability of a suitable building site, with the \u201cgravity coefficient\u201d being minimal here (54,2%). The differences in aspect preferences between ethnic groups, confirmed by statistical testing, are significant: in Predvolzhye, the proportion of Russian settlements on \u201cwarm\u201d slopes (78.0%) is higher than that of Tatar settlements (51,2%; p < 0,01). Relief characteristics have had a noticeable influence on settlement placement; however, their role was modified by the physical-geographical context. Ethnocultural traditions and socio-economicconditions (land rights, economic specialization) have left an imprint on the choice of specific locations. The obtained results refine existing understandings of the mechanisms of cultural landscape formation in the Middle Volga region. The results can be used in historical and cultural expertise of territories, spatial planning, and educational courses.<\/p>\n Keywords:<\/strong> geomorphological factors of settlement sites, GIS analysis, historical geography, coefficient of gravitation, slope steepness, Republic of Tatarstan, digital models of topology, slope exposure<\/p>\n Funding:<\/strong><\/p>\n none<\/p>\n References<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0421. \u0412. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u2014 \u041c. : \u041c\u0410\u041a\u0421 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441, 2019. \u2014 72 \u0441. Download PDF<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Analysis of the impact of morphometric terrain features on the distribution of settlements in the Republic of Tatarstan Pages: 200-209 \u00a0|\u00a0 DOI: 10.37724\/RSU.2026.91.2.019 \u00a0|\u00a0 UDK: 551.4(470.41) Kharitonov A.Yu. Chuvash State University Doronina K.A. Chuvash State University Abstract The territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is characterized by pronounced physical-geographical heterogeneity (Zakamye, Predkamye, Predvolzhye) and a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6811","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6811\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nChuvash State University<\/p>\n
\nChuvash State University<\/p>\n
\n2. \u0412\u0430\u0445\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432 \u0411. \u0410., \u041a\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u0410., \u041a\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u0410., \u0428\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0412. \u041d. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0438 SRTM \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0413\u0418\u0421-\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0444 \/\/ \u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u2014 2022. \u2014 \u0422. 8. \u2014 \u2116 1. \u2014 \u0421. 219\u2013228.
\n3. \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415. \u0412. \u0410\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u2014 \u0421\u041f\u0431. : \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442, 2005. \u2014 240 \u0441.
\n4. \u0416\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0412. \u041a., \u0420\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u042d. \u041c. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u2014 \u041c. : \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f, 2004. \u2014 368 \u0441.
\n5. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 1860 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u2014 URL : http:\/\/www.etomesto.ru\/map-kazan_1860-guberniya\/ (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 20.08.2023).
\n6. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 1861 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u2014 URL : http:\/\/www.etomesto.ru\/map-ulyanovsk_simbirskaya-mende\/ (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 15.01.2024).
\n7. \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u0421. \u041d. \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u2014 2023. \u2014 \u2116 2 (65). \u2014 \u0421. 49\u201361.
\n8. \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u0421. \u041d., \u0427\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0420. \u0421. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \/\/ \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u2014 2021. \u2014 \u0422. 52. \u2014 \u2116 2. \u2014 \u0421. 52\u201362.
\n9. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0418. \u0412. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0436\u044c\u044f : \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431. \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435. \u2014 \u0427\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u0427\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448. \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430, 2012. \u2014 100 \u0441.
\n10. \u0421\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0410. \u0412. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0436\u044c\u044f. \u2014 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d. \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430, 1964. \u2014 197 \u0441.
\n11. \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \/ \u0433\u043b. \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041c. \u0425. \u0425\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u2014 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c : \u0418\u043d-\u0442 \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440. \u042d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b : \u0410\u041d \u0420\u0422, 2015. \u2014 URL : http:\/\/www.ite.antat.ru\/articles\/nasel_alfavit.shtml (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 20.08.2023).
\n12. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u042e., \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0418. \u0412., \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u042e. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0427\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438) \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0423\u0434\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0440. \u00ab\u0411\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u00bb. \u2014 2024. \u2014 \u2116 1. \u2014 URL : https:\/\/cyberleninka.ru\/article\/n\/ispolzovanie-koeffitsienta-tyagoteniya (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 07.02.2026).
\n13. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u042e., \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0418. \u0412., \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u042e. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0426\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \/\/ \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 : \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b III \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447.-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442. \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444., \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449. 150-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0421\u0443\u043c\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a, 18\u201319 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2023 \u0433. \u2014 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a : \u041d\u0430\u0446. \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434. \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0433\u043e\u0441. \u0443\u043d-\u0442 \u0438\u043c. \u041d. \u041f. \u041e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0451\u0432\u0430, 2023. \u2014 \u0421. 294\u2013300.
\n14. \u0427\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0420. \u0421. \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043a \/\/ \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u2014 2022. \u2014 \u2116 2 (61). \u2014 \u0421. 6\u201316.
\n15. \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u0427\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 : \u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441-\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440. \/ \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0410. \u0410. \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u2014 \u0427\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u0427\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448. \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430, 2024. \u2014 239 \u0441.
\n16. Dedkov A. P., Illarionov A. G. Die Entwicklung der Hangformen in Mittleren Wolgagebiet und s\u00fcdlichen Teil Turgai-Plateau \/\/ Evolution des Versants. \u2014 Liege : Universite de Liege, 1967. \u2014 Vol. 1. \u2014 P. 101\u2013116.
\n17. Golebiowska I., Korycka-Skorupa J., Slomska-Przech K. Common Thematic Map Types \/\/ The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge. \u2014 2021. \u2014 URL : https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22224\/gistbok\/2021.2.7 (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 07.02.2026).
\n18. Jebur A. K. Uses and Applications of Geographic Information Systems \/\/ Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering. \u2014 2021. \u2014 Vol. 5. \u2014 No. 2. \u2014 P. 18\u201325.
\n19. Lastochkin A. N., Zhirov A. I., Boltramovich S. F. System-Morphological Approach: Another Look at Morphology Research and Geomorphological Mapping \/\/ Geomorphology. \u2014 2018. \u2014 Vol. 303. \u2014 P. 486\u2013503.<\/p>\n
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