{"id":5098,"date":"2022-03-31T12:07:47","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T09:07:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu.edu.ru\/?p=5098"},"modified":"2022-03-31T12:08:39","modified_gmt":"2022-03-31T09:08:39","slug":"%d0%ba%d1%80%d1%8b%d0%b6%d0%ba%d0%be-%d0%bb-%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/%d0%ba%d1%80%d1%8b%d0%b6%d0%ba%d0%be-%d0%bb-%d0%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"Kryzhko L. A."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The Formation of the US Attitude to a Military Operation against Egypt on the Eve of the 1956 Suez Crisis. P.86- 94.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/8.pdf\" data-wp-editing=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4264 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pdf-2020.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"68\" height=\"85\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">UDC 327(73:620)\u00ab1956\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">DOI: 10.37724\/RSU.2022.74.1.008<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i><b>Abstract.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> The article investigates the formation of the US attitude to a military operation against Egypt on the eve of the Anglo-French-Israeli military operation against Egypt. Now when the world is commemorating the 65th anniversary of the Suez crisis, the issue of the United States working out strategic foreign policy decisions in the context of the growing conflict in the Middle East remains highly relevant. The author highlights the main reasons for the US refusal to support Britain and France in the military action against Egypt. The article underlines a number of negative consequences the United States brought about by joint actions of the USA, Great Britain and France in Egypt. Egyptian-Israeli rapprochement, the provision of a loan for the construction of the Aswan Dam, and the inclusion of Egypt in the military-political bloc initiated by the Western countries were associated with an attempt to rob Egypt of its political and economic independence. These developments resulted in anti-Western sentiments in Egypt\u2019s domestic and foreign policy during the Nasser period, the main consequences being the Czechoslovak arms deal and the nationalization of the Suez Canal. The bold actions of the Egyptian leader as a precedent for the entire Arab world demanded a tough reaction from Western countries. The author highlights the main arguments of the US administration in favor of abandoning the military scenario. The author says that the USA and Western Europe had different views on whether or not to involve Israel, which is accounted for by the growing influence of the Egyptian president in the Arab world. The USA abstained from cooperating with NATO in what might threaten the strategic interests of the country in the region and hinder its long-term agenda in the Middle East.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i><b>Keywords:<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Suez crisis, Egypt, USA, Great Britain, France, Israel, USSR, Middle East, international relations<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>References:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kryzhko E.\u00a0V. The 1956 Suez Crisis: the positions of the parties. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Dni nauki Krymskogo federal&#8217;nogo universiteta imeni V.\u00a0I. Vernadskogo : sbornik II nauchnoj konferencii <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Science Days of the Crimea Federal University named for V.\u00a0I. Vernadsky: proceedings of the 2nd research conference]. Simferopol, 2016, pp. 317\u2013319. (In Russian).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kryzhko L.\u00a0A. Egypt-Israeli Relations in the First Half of the 1950s: the Susanna Operation. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i juridicheskie nauki, kul&#8217;turologija i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Historical, Philosophical, Political and Legal Sciences, Cultorology and Art Studies]. 2016, no. 2 (64), pp. 80\u201383. (In Russian).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Medvedko L.\u00a0I. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>K Vostoku i zapadu ot Sujeca (Zakat kolonializma i manevry neoko-lonializma na Arabskom Vosto<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">ke) [To the East and West of Suez (the Decline of Colonialism and Neo-colonialism in Eastern Arabia)]. Moscow, Politizdat Science Publ., 1980, 368 p. (In Russian).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Naser G.\u00a0A. Speech at a Public Meeting in Alexandria, July 26, 1956. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Problemy egipetskoj revoljucii: izbrannye rechi i vystuplenija. 1952\u20131970 gody <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Problems of the Egyptian Revolution: Selected Speeches. 1952\u20131970]. Moscow, International Relations Publ., 1979, pp. 28\u201332. (In Russian).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Primakov E.\u00a0M. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Konfidencial&#8217;no: Blizhnij Vostok na scene i za kulisami (vtoraja polovina XX \u2014 nachalo XXI vekov)<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Classified: the Middle East on the Stage and behind the Scenes (the Second Half of the 20th \u2014 Early 21st Centuries)]. Moscow, Russian Newspaper Publ., 2006, 384 p. (In Russian).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Sultanov A.\u00a0F. (ed.). <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Sujeckij<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>kanal (fakty i dokumenty)<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [The Suez Canal (Facts and Documents)]. Moscow, Foreign Literature Publ., 1959, 246 p. (Transl. from Arabic).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Jurchenko V.\u00a0P. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Egipet: problemy nacional&#8217;noj bezopasnosti (1952\u20132002 gody)<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Egypt: National Security (1952\u20132002)]. Moscow, Institute for Investigating Israel and the Middle East Publ., 2003, 312 p. (In Russian).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955\u20131957, Suez Crisis, July 26 \u2014 Dec. 31, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">1956. Vol. XVI. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Doc. 2, 4, 5, 8, 11, 14, 18, 50, 53.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> Available at : https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">frus1955-57v16 (accessed<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> 14.07.2021).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. Washington, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census Publ., 1975, p. 1, 609 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Johnson P. The Suez War. MacGibbon &amp; Kee Publ., 1957, 145 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kissinger H. Diplomacy. New York, Simon &amp; Schuster Publ., 1994, 912 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Lloyd S. Suez 1956: A Personal Account. London, Jonathan Cape Ltd Publ., 1978, 282 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Sachar H.\u00a0M. Egypt and Israel. New York, Richard Marek Publishers Publ., 1981, 384 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The Suez Canal Problem. July 26 \u2014 Sept. 22, 1956. A Documentary Publication. Washington, 1956, 370 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Formation of the US Attitude to a Military Operation against Egypt on the Eve of the 1956 Suez Crisis. P.86- 94. UDC 327(73:620)\u00ab1956\u00bb DOI: 10.37724\/RSU.2022.74.1.008 Abstract. The article investigates the formation of the US attitude to a military operation against Egypt on the eve of the Anglo-French-Israeli military operation against Egypt. Now when the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5098"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5098\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vestnik.rsu-rzn.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}