AbstractThe article is devoted to the review and commentary of current scientific publications studying the history of the Russian language and the philological paradigm of the 18thcentury. It is noted that the Institute of Linguistic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences is the largest scientific center for the analysis and publication of monuments of Russian writing, monographs, compilation of new dictionaries and conferences focused on the cultural tradition of the 18th century. Among such sources, the author of the article singled out the following works for analysis: Academy of Sciences and M. V. Lomonosov’s activities. Collective monograph / edited by S. S. Volkov, N. P. Kopaneva, N. V. Patroeva, A. S. Snaksareva (St. Petersburg, 2025); Korkina T. D. Books by the Kevrola customs and kruzhechny dvor of 1710 and 1712. Research and texts (St. Petersburg, 2025); Mol’kov G. A. Marine terms of the end of the 17th — first half of the 18th century: materials for the dictionary (St. Petersburg, 2025). The collective monograph studying M. V. Lomonosov’s activities and the Academy of Sciences is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of its foundation. It presents the results of scientific research on language, culture, history of education and science. The main subject was the activity of M. V. Lomonosov and the work of the Academy of Sciences in the 18th century. It is stated that the authors paid special attention to the analysis of M. V. Lomonosov’s idiosyncrasy, grammar and phraseology, the study of rhetoric in the 18th century and the reflection of the scientist’s ideas in the educational and scientific activities of his time. Attention is drawn to the importance of paleographic and source analysis of handwritten sources in the northern territories that have preserved folk speech traditions. At the same time, there was a transformation of official record keeping, which was reflected in the monuments of local business writing. It is emphasized that the description of the terminological vocabulary of the marine sphere is of great importance for scientific research. The presented materials for the dictionary use hard-to-access original texts from the 1690s and 1740s from handwritten collections in St. Petersburg and Moscow: naval regulations, ship documentation, textbooks on various navigation branches, as well as narrative works containing episodes of sea voyages. These works are of great practical importance and will be of interest to specialists in the study of Russian culture and science of the 18th century.