“Kind sufferer for the land of Russia”: the image of Vladimir Monomakh in the Chronicles of the 12th–17th centuries

Pages: 62-70  |
DOI: 10.37724/RSU.2026.92.3.007  |
EDN: —  |
UDK: 821.161´01

Trofimova N.V.
Moscow State Pedagogical University

AbstractVladimir Monomakh is one of the many Russian princes whose images and deeds have been represented in chronicles for many centuries. His personality aroused the interest of monastery scribes in different times and in different principalities of Rusia. The earliest chronicles, the Laurentian and Hypatian Codeces, preserve a great amount of information about the prince, although the content is not the same. Subsequently, the Russian chronicles of the Moscow orientation, created in the 15th and 16th centuries, paid great attention to Vladimir. Local chronicles created in the northern principalities (Novgorod and Ustyug) discussed only a few important events. The purpose of this work is to reveal Vladimir’s traits depicted by the chroniclers and the means those writers used. As in any chronicle, the idea of the prince’s political activity was illustrated in his participation in historical events and in the actions that he performed in various circumstances. Narrations about military conflicts and the relationships among Russian princes reveal Vladimir’s personality as a capable commander, a brave warrior defending Russia from enemies, and a supporter of administrative unity. In the stories about his campaigns against the Polovtsians, the chroniclers discussed certain miracles happening with Vladimir’s participation, which emphasizes his God-chosen character. Vladimir’s speeches play a special role, characterizing him as a wise politician, a supporter of brotherly love and peace, keeping his princely words in treaties. Chroniclers did not often discuss princes’ feelings (sadness, pity, sympathy, anger) and their external manifestations, but in the narratives about Prince Vladimir, they did. Most of the artistic means (epithets, metaphors, hyperbole), rarely used by chronicles, are concentrated in obituary praises for Vladimir Monomakh of the early codices, especially the Laurentian manuscript. Of the later ones, only the Nikon Chronicle accurately conveys it. The artistic means emphasize Christian virtues, the features of a good ruler, military might, and the glory of Prince Vladimir. In the stories about the activities of Vladimir’s descendants, their genealogy is often referred to, and the Nikon Chronicle trace this family relationship to the eighth generation, and emphasize first of all the military successes and the power of their ancestor. The legendary narrative about Vladimir’s receiving the imperial regalia from the Byzantine ruler penetrated into the chronicles of the 16thc., and into the Patriarchal Codices of the 17th c. The idea of Vladimir as the first Russian Tsar becomes most important, diminishing other characteristics of the prince; and the range of the artistic means acquires a panegyric character and goes back to the text of the Book of Royal Degrees(Stepennaya Kniga).

Keywords: Vladimir Monomakh, the legend of the royal regalia, chronicles, speeches, means of representation, tropes
Funding:
none

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